Conflict of Interest

A conflict of interest exists when a financial, professional, institutional, or personal relationship could influence, or be seen to influence, the judgment of an author, reviewer, or editor. JASF follows COPE guidance and requires all parties to disclose such interests so that readers and editors can assess the work fairly.

Authors. All authors must disclose any interest that could affect the research or its interpretation, including funding sources, employment, consultancy, share ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, and personal or professional relationships with organizations discussed in the manuscript. Disclosures are stated in the Conflicts of Interest section of the manuscript. If there is none, authors must write: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.” The role of any funder in study design, data analysis, or the decision to publish must also be stated.

Reviewers. Reviewers must decline an invitation, or inform the editor immediately, if they have a competitive, collaborative, institutional, or personal relationship with any author, have recently co-authored with an author, work at the same institution, or have a financial interest in the outcome. Reviewers must not use unpublished information from a manuscript for their own advantage.

Editors. Editors must not handle manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest. Such manuscripts are assigned to another editor or editorial board member who has no conflict.

Submissions from editors and the publisher’s staff. Manuscripts authored by the Editor-in-Chief, editorial board members, or staff of Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur receive the same double-blind review as all other submissions. The author is excluded from every stage of handling and decision for that manuscript, which is managed by an independent editor. JASF monitors the share of articles from its own institution and editorial team to protect the journal’s independence.

Undisclosed conflicts. If an undisclosed conflict is discovered after submission or publication, JASF will investigate following the COPE guidance. Possible outcomes include publishing a correction to the disclosure statement, an expression of concern, or retraction.